Much of what is said of the father in the previous post can be said here, so I won't reiterate it again other than to say that the same penalty of death and damnation is for those who dishonor their mothers by not listening to their instructions, mocking them, dismissing them, not taking care of them financially, not speaking well of them, etc.
But I do want to make the case here that this is because the mother is in unity with the father. I tell my kids all of the time that if they do not listen to their mother, they do not listen to me. My wife is me. I am my wife. She instructs them in accordance with what I have instructed. Her teaching is my teaching. Her honor, therefore, is my honor.
Hence, in Scripture, because the wife is one flesh with the husband, and because in the Bible and the ancient world, the father's religion is the mother's religion, the father's instructions are the mother's instructions, the father is being treated well or poorly by how the mother is being treated. This is not unlike an emissary of a king being treated a particular way and the king seeing it as a treatment of himself.
The Bible knows nothing of a wife who has divorced her husband, and it does not seem to treat a woman who dishonors her husband even while married to him as included in his honor. Instead, she has divorced herself from him even while married so that she does not partake in his glory and honor. In this regard, I would argue that a woman who has dishonored her husband is not to be joined by her children in that dishonor. She is no longer of the adult child's father and so she is no longer a part of honoring the father.
In contrast to this modern woman, however, the ancient woman who is one with her husband is to be honored even if the father dies and she alone is over the children now. This is still to honor the father who has passed on and should still continue him and his instructions. Hence, one must honor father or mother, not because they are two opposing authorities but because they are one unified authority over the adult child.
Some texts even place the mother as first, emphasizing that one cannot dismiss the authority of the mother and still claim that he or she is honoring the father. Her authority is to be "feared," i.e., recognized as God's given authority rather than an authority given by the child (Lev 19:3). In other words, the adult child does not get to decide whether she has authority to instruct him, rather her authority is from God as representative of the father who is the representative of God.
And this brings us to an interesting discussion about the image of God and how it relates to women in biblical texts. In Genesis 1:26-28, the man is said to be the image of God, but the man is said to then be both male and female, meaning that "the man" represents both genders. "So God created the man as His image, as the image of God He created him, male and female He created them." In 1 Corinthians 11:7-9, Paul interprets this as the woman partaking in the image of God through the man, not individually by herself. He states, "he is the image and glory of God, but the woman is the glory of man, for the man does not originate from the woman but the woman from the man, for, certainly, the man was not created for the woman's sake but the woman for the man's sake."
Our culture wants to see women as autonomous and directly imaging God apart from the man, but the Bible knows of no such direct connection. The man is made to be God's image, the woman participates in the image by being made as a helper to the man. She is vehicle through which he images God, as imaging has to do with the bearing of children in being fruitful and multiplying and taking over the world from the wild animals that rule it. She, therefore, is his emissary, and to dishonor her is to dishonor the man she represents, and therefore, to dishonor the God the man represents. The chain cannot be broken unless she breaks it.
This is why child custody hearings that award the children to the woman so often are wicked. Our culture has been trained by feminism to believe that children belong to the woman, even to the point of her having the sole right to terminate them in the womb. But the Bible teaches that the children belong to the man, and only by extension, belong to the woman. If a woman were to divorce a man, the children are to honor the father over the mother, but if she is in unity with the father, the children are to honor the mother as they honor the father because the two are the same authority with the same instructions, wisdom, and representative role to the child.
Proverbs 31:10-31 states that the woman committed to her husband and household will be the one who is praised by her children and husband alike. She speaks well of her husband, makes sure that his household is run well, instructs her children in wisdom and abundant love, as she fears the Lord in all things. In fact, Proverbs 31 are the instructions of King Lemuel that his mother taught him.
Proverbs 11:16 states that it is a woman of favor that holds on to honor. In Proverbs 19:13, "the foolish son is a destruction to his father and the contentions of a wife are a constant erosion." In other words, both of the son who is a fool and does not listen to his father is coupled with a wife who also is at odds with the father. They both erode the life of the father and are viewed as wicked here and having forfeit any honor due themselves.
So as long as the woman is in continuity with the father, she is to be honored as the father is to be honored. She is his glory, and so one cannot dishonor the glory of a man and say that he honors the man. As the man must represent God's authority, and cannot instruct his children or wife to sin, so the woman must represent the man's authority and cannot divorce herself from him and his teaching if she is to hold onto the honor due her.
If she does hold onto it, the penalty for dishonoring her, not fearing her, not taking care of her financially, not obeying her when the adult child is instructed in wisdom, is death because to dishonor her is to dishonor and refuse to worship God in the way He has instructed He is to be worshiped.
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