Peter Haas, who identifies as a contemplative, recently made
the comment that evangelicalism, with its focus on Scripture and doctrine,
might be an immature form of Christianity. He stated this by asking the more
rhetorical question, “Is Evangelicalism Sixth Grade Christianity?” He said this
because, as most contemplatives, he views a Christianity focused on doctrine as
basic and a mere stepping stone to a greater spirituality that is experienced
directly in the presence of God (i.e., a spirituality without or surpassing external
mediation).
As I have argued in a couple previous posts, immature
Christianity is that which seeks a direct encounter with God apart from the
mediation of Scripture and the Church’s/orthodox teaching thereof that He has
provided. It wishes to experience the divine for the self rather than submit to
the sufficiency of the Divine revealing Himself through human language. There
is a Gnostic/Marcionite skeptical assumption toward the physical world and
knowledge obtained through non-experience, as well as a desire to bypass what
one considers unsightly in Scripture. And so, contemplatives end up ignoring
what the Scripture tells us about itself—namely, that the path to maturity is
not through contemplation and direct experiences with God that transcend the
Scripture, but rather through Scripture itself. It is through the teaching of
Scripture and its doctrines by which the man of God is equipped for every good
work (2 Tim 3:15-17), the body as a whole is grown up and fitted together, no
longer tossed around by false teaching, made perfect/mature (Eph 4:11–16), and
sanctified in the truth (John 17:17).
In fact, in Ephesians 4, Paul argues that no one should ask
how we can receive a maturity in Christ, as though we have to wonder whether we
have to go up to God to get it, or He still needs to descend to us to receive
it. This is Sinai imagery, where Moses had to ascend to the heights of the
mountain to receive God’s revelation and then descend in order to give it to
the people. Paul’s point is that the truth has been received already. Christ
has given the Church revelation through its apostles and prophets and a
guidance to the church through its evangelists, pastors, and teachers that it
might be used and interpreted correctly to equip and mature the saints. Hence,
contemplatives are rejecting the Pauline testimony by continuing to seek
further access to God in order to receive a “mature” spirituality that He does
not give to anyone beside the church through the Word.
In fact, even though I ask whether contemplative
Christianity is preschool Christianity, what I really mean to ask is whether it
is Christianity at all. I’ve argued that it, in fact, is not. It is an immature
spirituality that seeks direct experience of the divine. That is why it is the
vehicle by which paganism seeks to know God. It is the path of the animist, the
Hindu, the Buddhist, the Egyptian and Babylonian religions, etc. It seeks to know
God directly rather than by analogy through language, because it is not in
submission to the Word. That is why contemplatives come back to Scripture and
start dissecting what they think is of God and what they think is not. Gregory
did this and everyone affected by such a concept within Christianity has since.
Now, I am not saying that contemplatives are not Christians.
That’s not my call. But they are undermining the means through which Christians
are matured, and therefore, their sanctification/salvation. One who does this
ought to seriously think of the severity of God toward such a crime as to seek
to hinder the growth, and perhaps birth, of His children. As I have said
before, knowing God through what God has spoken requires us to submit to Him in
faith. I cannot experience God for myself. I must trust what He has revealed of
Himself and His church for getting Him right.
That all requires submission to
God’s revelation and the means He has provided to interpret that revelation.
This is where the rubber meets the road and the Christian claim of a
contemplative will manifest itself to be either an immature Christianity that
has not rid itself of pagan assumptions or a false Christianity that is still
in rebellion against the Spirit of Truth.
In any case, the Reformed/orthodox view has articulated the
Scripture’s teaching concerning itself quite well, so I’ll let Muller sum it up
for me.
As we have already recognized in
the Reformed prolegomena, and their focus on ectypal theology after the fall,
Reformed theology emphasizes the accommodation of the divine will to human need
and of divine revelation to the modes of human knowing. Here Turretin quite
pointedly directs attention away from the absolute power of God toward the
power of God exercised according to the divine wisdom concerning the needs of
beings in this life. Thus, comments Turretin, in the natural pattern (oeconomia naturali) of human life,
parents teach their children—first, with a living voice, when children are
infants and are being given their initial formation, and then, later, with the
voice of a teacher, through the use of books and reading, in order to inculcate
as with a strong rod, the teaching (doctrina)
in those books. God has followed the same pattern in teaching his children.
Thus, in the infancy of the people of God, God spoke directly and in a living
voice. This unwritten word could be properly conserved at the time because of
the longevity of the patriarchs, the small number of people in the covenant,
and the frequency of revelations. In later times, however, the church was no
longer confined to a few families and human life was shortened considerably.
Oracles were fewer and, moreover, the establishment of the nation of Israel
demanded not so much a living voice as written laws.
Thus, too, the written word was necessary
“that the church might have a certain and true rule and canon, whereby it might
judge all questions, doubts and controversies of religion,” and “that the faith
of men in Christ which was to come, might better be confirmed by the Messias,
and see all things that were foretold of him verified in the event,” and
further, “that the purity of God’s worship might be preserved from corruption
and the truth propagated among all nations.” Scripture is also given to take
away excuse from those who would ignore the precepts of God . . . Thus, the
orthodox will speak of Scripture as the medium
conversionis on the basis of James 1:18; the medium fidei et consolationis,
on the basis of Romans 10:17; and the fundamentum
ecclesiae, et omnis cultis eius, on the basis of Ephesians 2:20. Scripture
is the “Lydian stone” by which all things are measured (Isa. 8:20; Gal 1:9) and
the lux splendens in obscuro (2 Pet.
1:19) to be employed as a remedy against all errors.
Against the “Enthusiasts and the
Libertines,” who claim that Scripture is necessary only for children and
beginners in faith, whereas the more perfect and mature Christian can rest on
the teaching of the Spirit, the Reformed pose the testimony of Scripture
itself. Thus, Paul asks the Corinthians to come to a decision on the basis of
what he writes to them (1 Cor. 10:15)—while the apostles John first states that
he writes to Christians as “children” and then, subsequently, addresses
instructions to Christian “fathers” (1 John 2:1, 12–14). Similarly, Paul
addresses the perfect or mature—adulti—with
advice (Phil. 3:15). The Enthusiasts and Libertines draw on 1 John 2:27 in
order to argue that the special anointing of the Spirit renders them superior
to all human teachings. These words, RĂ¼ssen argues, ought not be understood “absolutely,”
as if the New Testament writings were no longer necessary, inasmuch as John’s
own epistle in which these words appear would then be quite unnecessary (!),
but rather “relatively” insofar as the Spirit working through the New Testament
has provided a fuller teaching than had been available under the previous
dispensation. Similarly, the words of Paul that “the letter killeth, but the
spirit giveth life” cannot be used to refute the orthodox claim of the
necessity of Scripture inasmuch as “the letter” is not the letter of Scripture
but the letter of the law that condemns sin . . .Neither does the fact that the
faithful are theodidaktoi, taught by
the inward working of the Spirit, render Scripture unnecessary. Word and Spirit
cannot be separated (Isa. 59:21). The former is objective and extrinsic, the
latter efficient and inward in the heart: “the Spirit is the teacher, Scripture
the doctrine that he teaches us”—“Spiritus est Doctor, Scriptura est doctrina
quam nos docet.” The Spirit does not work through new revelations, but by
impressing the written Word on the heart.[1]